•Obesity BMI >30 kg/m2 M - 17%, F – 23%
•
•Alcohol excess >21/14 units/week ~
10%
•
•Dietary Salt Intake >6g/day estimated
at ~80%
risk
of:hypertension, stroke, osteoporosis and heart failure
•
•Retinol - elevated plasma level ~10%
risk
of:osteoporosis, hypercalcaemia (cc%)
•
•Iron excess - haemochromatosis ~1.5%
iron
saturation >55%
•
•Trace element excess - reduced excretion
due to:
renal
disease (?<5%) – vitamin A and potassium
liver disease (10-20%) –
iron, manganese and copper
•
•Excessive intake of nutrients from supplements
retinol
(5-10%) and possibly manganese (not assessed)