•Neurology
•Fatigue in patients with liver disease and
high blood Mn and MRI changes Fotron DM et al. Gut 2004;53:587-592
•Neurological problems related to drinking water Mn conc.
(1.8-2.3 mg/l)* Kondakis XG
et al Arch Environ Health 1989;44:175-8
•High total intakes of iron and manganese increased risk
of PD
Powers KM et al Neurology
2003;60:1761-1766
•Impairment of postural balance and high hair Mn (mean
4.4ug/g)*
Standridge JS et al J Occup Environ
Med 2008;50:1421-9
•
•Reproduction
•Reduced sperm motility and concentration with high blood
Mn
Wirth JJ et al Epidemiology
2007;18:270
•Lower Infant Birth Wt assoc. with high (>4.0 ug/dl)
or low maternal blood Mn
Zota AR et al Epidemiology
2009;20:367-73
•
•Child Development
•Reduced child intelligence and high hair Mn (Mean 471.5
ppb)*
Wright RO et al Neurotoxicity
2006;27:210-6
•Reduced child intelligence and high blood Mn (1.4 ug/l)
and high blood Pb
Kim Y et al Neurotoxicity
2009;30:564-71
•
•* Increased environmental exposure e.g. proximity to
mining/metal works