•Review and meta-analysis of primary and
secondary randomised, controlled
prevention trials
•
•47 low-bias risk trials (180,938
participants)
•
•Effect on all-cause mortality compared with
placebo:
All trials - RR 1.07; 95%
CI 1.04-1.10
vitamin A - RR
1.16; 95% CI 1.10-1.24
beta-carotene - RR
1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.11
vitamin C - RR
1.06; 95% CI 0.99-1.14
vitamin E - RR
1.04; 95% CI 1.01-1.07
selenium - RR
0.998; 95% CI 0.997-0.9995
•
•The adverse effects of beta-carotene,
vitamins A and E were dose related
•
•No apparent benefit for elderly >65 yrs