Adult food intakes average 2.8 - 3.7 [95% CI:
0.2 9.7] ug/day
Food sources: oily fish (24%), meat:
supplnts M12%, F25%
Deficiency possible: poor sun exposure,
vegans, liver disease
Preparations contain 2.5 25 ug per day [10
ug x 1-2/day]
Acute toxicity:
Only with massive amounts
[MS patients]
Chronic toxicity:
hypercalcaemia if
hyperparathyroidism, sacroidosis, TB, cancer
present in 1%-0.1% of UK adults mainly aged >60 yrs
Excess diagnosed by: raised serum
calcium
Prudent to
check in older patients every 2-5 years